The concept of stare decisis, a Latin term meaning “to stand by factors decided,” is central for the application of case legislation. It refers to the principle where courts abide by previous rulings, ensuring that similar cases are treated regularly over time. Stare decisis creates a sense of legal security and predictability, allowing lawyers

In federal or multi-jurisdictional legislation systems there may well exist conflicts between the varied lower appellate courts. Sometimes these differences may not be resolved, and it might be necessary to distinguish how the regulation is applied in one district, province, division or appellate department.refers to regulation that arrives from de